聚焦阅读剖判要道工夫——2023新高考I卷阅读题的分析与启示(一）

中国高考评价体系包含“一核”“四层”“四 翼”。其中,“四层”指查考推行，即中枢价值、学科 训导、要道工夫、必备常识,是素质教诲方针在高及第的提真金不怕火，回应了“考什么”的问题。要道工夫是学生在靠近与学科计划的生计实践或学习探索问题情境时，灵验地意识问题、分析问题、处理问题所必须具备的工夫。高考英语科的要道工夫包 括听力剖判、阅读剖判、书面抒发和白话抒发等。“2023英语新高考I卷”隆起了对上述要道工夫的查考。本文仅以其中的阅读题为例，分析阅读剖判 要道工夫的体现。

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一、聚焦阅读剖判要道工夫的试题分析 教诲部老师中心助理议论员陈康等东谈主将英语科的阅读剖判工夫归纳为七项，分离为：剖判词汇；剖判具体信息；剖判主旨要义；剖判不雅点、格调；剖判宗旨；推断；剖判著作结构、类型。以下调和试题，共享文告新高考I卷对这七项阅读工夫的查考。（一）剖判词汇 新高考I卷对词汇的条目，除了老例的“剖判老例中枢词”除外，我认为它还在以下两个方面有所条目：    1、尽可能径直剖判派生词纵不雅通盘这个词阅读剖判部分的4个语篇，咱们不错发现好多的派生词，这里以C篇为例，有教师统计如下：全文共299词，文本中出现课标词的合成词、派生词或治疗词共13个，课标未收录词1个，declutter。这里：遴荐性必修阶段掌执的词汇（用**标志），共12个。

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课标词试题用词1minimumminimalism/minimalist2detaildetailed3exploreexploration4philosophy**philosophy/philosophical5examineexamination6tolerateintolerable7optionoptional8participate**participants9sustain**sustainable**10necessarynecessity11mindmindless12tooltoolbox13lifelifestyle（该表格引自：公众号“爱疯英语”06-14这天罗厚健至意著作）由此可看到：命题东谈主并未将派生词动作生词。对派生词的剖判，是学生必须要具备的识词工夫。2、尽可能的从高下文来剖判超纲词这一条目，常被化妆为“词汇估量题”出现。2023新高考I卷中也体现这一条目。举例：C篇的29题即是需要学生估量declutter这一超纲词。事实上，尽管该词是超纲词，然而依据下文以及给定谜底选项，咱们不难猜出其正确含义。底下是declutter的高下文以及给定的备选项。Part one concludes by introducing my suggested method for adopting this philosophy: the digital declutter. This process requires you to step away from optional online activities for thirty years.29. What does the underlined word “declutter” in paragraph 3 mean?A. Clear-up.   B. Add-on.  C. Check-in. D. Take-over.（二） 剖判具体信息 这一要道工夫条目考生应能从语科中索求诸如数字、期间、处所、东谈主物、事件及举止的缘起、进程、花样、着力等细节信息，并大略剖判观念性信息。这些信息有的不错径直从文中赢得，有的需要进行浅易归纳。对具体信息的查考，常常以“细节剖判”题出现，但正如上文所言，这种剖判，无意咱们不错径直索求，无意需要归纳综合。这里举一个“需要归纳综合”的例子：C篇的30题：In the final chapter of part one, I’ll guide you through carrying out your own digital declutter. In doing so, I’ll draw on an experiment I ran in 2018 in which over 1,600 people agreed to perform a digital declutter. You’ll hear these participants’ stories and learn what strategies worked well for them, and what traps they encountered that you should avoid.【30】What is presented in the final chapter of part one?A.Theoretical models.   B. Statistical methods. C.Practical examples.   D. Historical analyses（三） 剖判主旨要义 每篇著作甚而每个段落王人有主旨要义。考生应能识别或回归综合著作或段落的主旨要义。举例D篇的32题：This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors, those errors aren’t always the same. Some people will tend to overestimate, and some to underestimate. When enough of these errors are averaged together, they cancel each other out, resulting in a more accurate estimate. If people are similar and tend to make the same errors, then their errors won’t cancel each other out. In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that people’s estimates be independent. If for whatever reasons, people’s errors become correlated or dependent, the accuracy of the estimate will go down.【32】 What is paragraph 2 of the text mainly about?  A. The methods of estimation.   B. The underlying logic of the effect.  C.The causes of people’s errors.   D. The design of Galton’s experiment.（四） 剖判不雅点、格调 这一要道工夫条目考生除了剖判语篇径直表述的不雅点、格调，还要能分析剖判隐含的不雅点、格调。 举例C篇的第31题，计划文段如下：The second part of this book takes a closer look at some ideas that will help you cultivate (培养) a sustainable digital minimalism lifestyle. In these chapters, I examine issues such as the importance of solitude (孤苦) and the necessity of cultivating high-quality leisure to replace the time most now spend on mindless device use. Each chapter concludes with a collection of practices, which are designed to help you act on the big ideas of the chapter. You can view these practices as a toolbox meant to aid your efforts to build a minimalist lifestyle that words for your particular circumstances.【31】What does the author suggest readers do with the practices offered in part two?A. Use them as needed. B. Recommend them to friends.C. Evaluate their effects. D. Identify the ideas behind them.再如D篇的第35题，径直问作家格调：In a follow-up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually did in their discussion. Did they tend to go with those most confident about their estimates? Did they follow those least willing to change their minds? This happened some of the time, but it wasn’t the dominant response. Most frequently, the groups reported that they “shared arguments and reasoned together.” Somehow, these arguments and reasoning resulted in a global reduction in error. Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain，the potential implications for group discussion and decision-making are enormous.35. What is the author’s attitude toward Navajas’ studies?      A. Unclear.         B. Dismissive.          C. Doubtful.       D. Approving.（五） 剖判宗旨 阅读语篇时时通过多种花样抒发写稿宗旨。考生不但纪律略作家径直抒发的宗旨，也要分析剖判作家未径直抒发的宗旨。如阅读剖判B篇的26题。Over the years, John has taken on many big jobs. He developed a greenhouse-like facility that treated sewage (浑水) from 1,600 homes in South Burlington. He also designed an eco-machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou, a city in southeast China.26. What is the author’s purpose in mentioning Fuzhou?A. To review John’s research plans.   B. To show an application of John’s idea.C. To compare John’s different jobs.   D. To erase doubts about John’s invention.（六） 推断 这一要道工夫条目考生把柄著作所提供的信息进行推理,如推断作家未明确确认的事件或举止的原因、进程、着力，推断东谈主物或事物的特质，推断东谈主物的心情或口吻等。    新高考I卷中阅读剖判部分中好多题王人需要推断。举例D篇34题：In a follow-up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually did in their discussion. Did they tend to go with those most confident about their estimates? Did they follow those least willing to change their minds? This happened some of the time, but it wasn’t the dominant response. Most frequently, the groups reported that they “shared arguments and reasoned together.” Somehow, these arguments and reasoning resulted in a global reduction in error. Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain，the potential implications for group discussion and decision-making are enormous.34. What did the follow-up study focus on?A. The size of the groups.  B. The dominant members.C. The discussion process.  D. The individual estimates.（七）剖判著作结构、类型 这一要道工夫是指考生能诓骗语篇常识，辩认不同著作文体，剖判著作里面逻辑相干和作家为使行文连贯使用的各式贯串办段。本次高及第莫得触及该方面的问题。二、培养阅读剖判要道工夫的教学启示 阅读剖判是学习和使用英语的一项基本工夫。培养阅读剖判要道工夫，教学需要作念到以下几个方面： （一）扎根语篇，深度教学在现时新高考的期间布景下，教师的教学要作念到：以语篇为中心，以词汇和语法为两个基本点。即：以探究主题真理真理为主要任务，在完成这一主要任务的同期，处理“识别词汇”与“了解语法”的问题。我常认为这么的“词汇与语法的教学”即是：逢山开道，遇水架桥。

    （未完待续）

参考文件：

陈康，吴泓霖,李新煜，等.基于高考评价体系的英语科老师推行变嫌奉行旅途[J].中国老师,2019(12):33-37.

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